Design at a Molecular Level - 180001

0:04 [Music] 0:30 welcome to the creator revealed my name 0:34 is Tim Standish and I'm a scientist that 0:37 means that sometimes I speak a language 0:40 that doesn't really sound like English 0:43 so thankfully I have here with me 0:47 Shelley Quinn who is going to help me 0:49 still stick to English in this fabulous 0:54 program in which we are going to talk 0:57 about what the creation tells us about 1:01 the Creator you know we're so excited 1:04 about this Tim because first of all we 1:06 want to thank the Geoscience Research 1:08 Institute who has allowed him this time 1:11 off to come and produce a series and 1:15 we're very excited because creation 1:18 science is something that is doubted by 1:21 many it to me it's there's so much proof 1:27 that God is with us that God created us 1:30 and that's what we're going to do here 1:32 now the first 15 minutes of this program 1:35 you're going to get introduced to a 1:37 scientific fact 1:38 the second 15 minutes of the program 1:41 we're going to tie that in as to how it 1:46 affects you in a personal way and how 1:49 you can put it into a practical 1:51 application I'm looking forward to that 1:54 part yes but of course as a scientist 1:56 what I want to do is dive in to what we 1:59 are going to talk about and I want to 2:02 just preface our discussion of the 2:05 science with something that the Apostle 2:08 Paul wrote almost 2,000 years ago it may 2:11 seem like an unlikely thing to choose 2:14 but remember that Paul was writing to 2:18 all kinds of different people back there 2:21 in the Roman Empire in this letter to 2:24 the Romans he wrote these words he said 2:28 for since the creation of the world his 2:31 invisible attributes this is God's 2:34 invisible attributes are clearly seen 2:37 being understood by the things that 2:41 made even his eternal power and Godhead 2:46 so that they are without excuse what he 2:50 is saying here is that we just as the 2:54 Romans could can look at what God made 2:57 and we can learn certain things about 3:01 the creator in other words the creation 3:04 reveals the Creator so what is the thing 3:09 we're going to learn today well we're 3:11 going to learn about machines but not 3:15 the large machines that you're used to 3:18 thinking about things like cars and 3:20 tractors and cranes and and those sorts 3:23 of machines these machines operate on 3:26 exactly the same physical principles but 3:30 they are microscopic in fact they're 3:32 smaller than you can see with a normal 3:34 microscope they are molecular machines 3:37 they're made up of molecules but first 3:41 we need to understand why living things 3:45 need these little tiny machines inside 3:50 so let's let's sort of step back and 3:52 think about how life works and we all 3:55 know that the Sun shines and that 3:59 sunshine that light that comes down is a 4:02 form of energy and that light energy is 4:06 what plants use so that they can grow 4:09 produce photosynthesis right and so in 4:14 this amazing process of photosynthesis 4:18 there are all these machines little tiny 4:21 machines that are taking energy in the 4:24 form of light and converting it into 4:27 another form into chemical energy that's 4:30 what machines do they convert energy 4:33 from one form into another form and by 4:37 doing that they do work all right but if 4:41 that same light source is shining on an 4:46 inanimate or an object that is not alive 4:50 like asphalt it's not producing in it 4:53 exactly most people who draw 4:55 probably noticed that the roads do not 4:58 grow and repair themselves when the Sun 5:00 is out that's not what happens because 5:02 roads are not living things and living 5:05 things are distinctly different in part 5:08 because they have these little machines 5:11 in there that are doing this work but a 5:14 converting energy from one form into 5:17 another 5:18 all right all right so that's what we're 5:21 that's what we're talking about here now 5:23 the parts of machines the the molecular 5:26 machines these little tiny machines 5:28 they're the parts are made out of 5:30 primarily protein most people know what 5:33 that is so there's a question where did 5:35 that protein come from Charles Darwin 5:38 had a theory about that 5:40 now remember Charles Darwin he's a 5:42 materialist so he's trying to figure out 5:44 how can we do this without God and he he 5:47 wrote this to a friend he said if an oh 5:49 what a big if we could conceive in some 5:53 warm little pond with all sorts of 5:55 ammonia and phosphoric salts light heat 6:00 electricity etc present that a protein 6:03 compound was chemically formed see not 6:06 by God but by chemical formation ready 6:10 to undergo still more complex changes so 6:16 he's saying hey maybe we can get 6:17 proteins in a warm little pond that was 6:20 full of chemicals but there's a problem 6:23 with that and you have to understand how 6:26 these protein parts are made so let's 6:30 take a quick look at okay okay so 6:32 proteins they're made out of things 6:34 called amino acids and those amino acids 6:38 can be joined together by removing a 6:40 water molecule and you can just join 6:44 them together one after the other 6:46 usually proteins will be hundreds of 6:48 these amino acids long and each one of 6:52 them is joined together by removing a 6:54 water molecule so you don't have to it's 7:02 not gonna have proteins they're not 7:04 going to be dello developed according to 7:07 Darwin's theory in a warm little pond 7:09 because if you were trying the process 7:11 in a pond it's going to add h2o elements 7:16 not exactly water is what's in ponds 7:21 right so water is going to go into 7:23 things not come out so how is it then 7:27 that in living cells they can make 7:31 proteins because remember our bodies 7:34 those cells that our body are made has 7:36 made up of their more than 50% water so 7:40 how is it that this happens and the 7:42 secret is again in machines there are 7:45 machines that take the amino acids and 7:51 bring them together and remove that 7:54 water molecule they use energy to do 7:56 that work okay there's a lot of power 8:00 involved in all of this so think about 8:03 the irony of that you yes you've got to 8:06 have the machines to make the proteins 8:09 from which the machines are made okay 8:12 that's like a chicken and egg situation 8:13 you've got to have the whole system 8:15 functioning before you can have any of 8:17 it functioning that statement that to me 8:22 really supports an intelligent creator 8:25 or God Oh My yes yeah so let's let's 8:30 continue on I'm going to show you a 8:31 protein machine one of these machines 8:33 and this particular machine is like a 8:36 wind turbine the exactly the same 8:39 principles are involved so on a wind 8:42 turbine that wind energy is starts the 8:46 the turbine turning and that energy is 8:50 transferred then to a generator right so 8:53 the wind energy is then converted into 8:55 electrical energy that's how it works 8:58 the same principles are involved in this 9:01 fabulous little tiny microscopic sub 9:06 microscopic machine called ATP synthase 9:09 it generates energy it provides power to 9:14 your cells so that part there that you 9:17 can see at the top the blue part is like 9:19 the turbine it 9:20 twists things around and down at the 9:24 bottom the red part is the generator 9:26 part it makes this a substance called 9:30 ATP and you can see that they're joined 9:32 by a protein that transfers that 9:35 twisting energy a drive shaft okay 9:38 protein so without the protein nothing 9:43 would be happening exactly you'd have a 9:45 generator oh sorry a turbine spinning 9:47 around doing nothing and a generator 9:50 sitting there doing nothing without that 9:52 drive shaft protein containing the two 9:55 things together is it fair to say a 9:57 protein then is a building block for at 9:59 the cellular level yes oh yes yeah they 10:03 they are the very parts that these 10:05 machines are made out of and if you're 10:07 missing some of the parts the machine 10:09 isn't going to function at all you 10:11 certainly all of these machines require 10:13 a set of parts so one protein isn't 10:15 going to do much for you you've got to 10:17 have a whole lot here's another machine 10:19 that's also involved in what we call the 10:21 energy metabolism of the cell that's not 10:24 a little bitty microscopic thing we just 10:26 look at yeah this is just another way of 10:29 showing what these machines look like 10:32 and the different colors of different 10:34 proteins they're amazing 10:37 really a complicated thing the reason I 10:40 wanted you to see that particular one is 10:42 because it's part of something we call 10:44 the glycolytic pathway that means sugar 10:48 splitting pathway this is ten different 10:53 machines that are equally complex 10:56 sometimes more complex than that one 10:58 that I just showed you and each one of 11:01 them has to do their job because if they 11:04 don't you've got a big problem on your 11:06 hand you're turning sugar in this 11:08 particular case into another chemical 11:10 called pyruvate and you're getting 11:13 energy out of the sugar the problem is 11:16 you've got to put energy in at the 11:18 beginning this is like lighting a match 11:19 to start a fire you're putting a little 11:22 bit of energy in and it's not until 11:24 later on in this process that you start 11:27 getting out chemicals that are actually 11:29 useful for energy so that 11:33 tene so that you know that protein is at 11:36 step number six in this series of of 11:42 steps in this assembly line if you want 11:45 to call its addy assembly law so 11:47 splitting the sugar is what gives us the 11:49 energy and if any one of these steps is 11:52 missing it and every single living 11:56 things has this whole pathway in there 11:58 it's not just one or two machines it's a 12:01 whole set of machines working together 12:04 in every little cell in every single 12:07 human cell in every single rat cell in 12:11 every single fish cell in every single 12:14 bacterial cell every single plant cell 12:17 that's amazing yeah it's it's 12:19 jaw-dropping when you when you think 12:21 about it okay 12:23 so what can we learn from this what does 12:26 this tell us about the Creator well 12:30 remember what Paul said about power 12:35 God's eternal power I would suggest that 12:39 there are two things first of all God's 12:43 power is revealed in the numerous 12:47 machines he created so that life can 12:51 exist in addition his power to create 12:55 and sustain is revealed in the intricate 12:59 mechanisms hidden within living things 13:02 so these are invisible to us and yet 13:06 when we dig down when we zoom in and 13:08 look there they are and they tell us 13:12 something profound about the creator's 13:16 power that is astonishing I think I want 13:22 to just think about for a moment how God 13:26 the Bible says we are fearfully and 13:29 wonderfully made and how amazing it is 13:31 that all of this is going on in every 13:34 cell of our body think about how amazing 13:37 it is that we're as healthy as we are 13:40 when there's so many things that could 13:42 go wrong it's a miracle 13:43 Elizabeth and we're going to talk a 13:45 little bit more about this miracle but 13:48 we're going to do it sixty seconds from 13:50 now so please do not go away 13:54 [Music] 14:02 welcome back to the creative revealed 14:04 today we're talking about molecular 14:07 machines the little machines and 14:09 molecules and who better than a nano 14:13 chemist to have on the second half of 14:17 the program exactly dr. Ryan Hayes 14:19 teaches chemistry at Andrews University 14:22 he is a nano chemist that means a 14:25 chemist who makes really tiny tiny tiny 14:28 little things now we've been talking 14:31 about nano machines really when we're 14:35 talking about those machines those 14:37 molecular machines inside the cells so 14:42 let's meet dr. Hayes let's ask him a 14:45 little bit about what exactly a nano 14:48 chemist does and then we'll get into 14:49 into some nano machines stuff yes hi dr. 14:54 Hayes welcome thank you thanks for 14:58 having me on this program this is 15:00 exciting now we got to be careful about 15:03 the term nano chemists because some 15:04 people may think that just means I'm a 15:06 really really small chemist and that's 15:09 not the case I've met you you look 15:10 completely life-size it is but I do 15:16 study and actually we actually have a 15:19 company that I'm a part of where we make 15:22 nano materials and and so to a chemist 15:26 actually nano materials are quite large 15:29 but to our eye and to everyone else 15:31 nanomaterials are very very small so 15:35 small that you can't see them but they 15:39 are a collection of atoms and molecules 15:41 to form large chemical structures to us 15:46 but they're usually precisely engineered 15:50 and controlled to give you the right 15:53 size and functionality to do really 15:56 interesting things and a nano scientists 16:00 nano chemists there's some out there 16:01 trying to build little nano cars and 16:04 nano sized batteries and I like to build 16:08 nano sized versions of this little 16:11 suction ball cup I can say more about 16:13 that 16:14 that's a little shout-out to my students 16:16 who know I like to talk about 16:17 nanomaterials that look like this and 16:20 but inside our body there's there's just 16:22 an amazing amount of nano sized 16:25 structures doing amazing things there so 16:28 it may be so it's all about yeah baby 16:31 you tell us a little bit about what 16:32 precisely it takes to make these really 16:36 small structures first of all that they 16:38 something that you can see under a 16:39 microscope or how would you how would 16:42 you visually are they smaller than that 16:44 even well they're definitely smaller 16:49 than what you can see with a microscope 16:50 people have been able to a scientists 16:53 been able to visualize them with things 16:54 like an electron microscope or an atomic 16:58 force microscope and so we have ways of 17:01 actually getting visualization of them 17:04 giving their structures but to build 17:06 them boy this is a real tough job and it 17:10 takes a lot of knowledge of chemistry 17:12 and the and the rules of how chemicals 17:14 react with each other to overcome 17:18 thermodynamics these things want to just 17:20 spread out but we want to bring all the 17:22 molecules together so there's some 17:24 organization that needs to be thought of 17:28 in advance to bring these things 17:31 together so I do this on a on a daily 17:33 basis so what you're saying then is 17:35 there has to be a plan when you start 17:38 you can't just sort of walk into a lab 17:41 and say yeah let's let's see what 17:44 happens when I mix together these 17:45 chemicals today 17:48 that's exactly right now my students 17:50 would would hope it would be like that 17:52 let's just make some things together and 17:54 hopefully get some great nano structures 17:56 but know we have to go in with a plan 17:59 and a recipe and and even with that even 18:02 with our best recipes we still struggle 18:05 to make pure products with the desired 18:09 purpose that we have in mind so yeah I 18:13 definitely need to paint a plan a good 18:15 recipe and a good laboratory space that 18:19 usually needs to be clean you need to be 18:22 able to run your reactions without 18:25 interference and all the 18:28 time and temperatures there's a lot of 18:29 factors that we think about to get to 18:32 the right structures that we're trying 18:34 to build and we're trying to build we 18:35 built some really simple nano structures 18:37 here especially compared to what we see 18:40 and living creatures well let me ask you 18:43 about that I mean you're you're you're a 18:47 smart guy and and you have all of this 18:50 equipment if you set out to make one of 18:56 these little nano structures these 18:58 relatively simple little nano structures 19:00 about how long would it take you to make 19:03 one is this something that you know you 19:05 can have a good idea in the morning and 19:07 and have by the afternoon or is it 19:09 something that takes considerably longer 19:11 than that that's a great question and it 19:17 depends on how elaborate you want your 19:20 structure now the ones that we make they 19:23 can take weeks and months to make the 19:28 structures that we're looking for and 19:30 these are relatively simple ones that 19:34 have a lot of repetitive structures to 19:36 them yeah in fact that's kind of a 19:39 problem is how long it can take and that 19:42 drives up the cost and these things can 19:44 be kind of expensive and so yeah it can 19:48 take weeks and months and that's not 19:51 just letting them sit in a pot and stir 19:53 like a pot of spaghetti we actually have 19:55 to go in it we'll do that part for a 19:57 little bit then we have to pull out the 19:59 materials clean them up and maybe do 20:03 some purification and then get them 20:04 ready for another step we spend a lot of 20:07 time doing that there's some shortcuts 20:09 you can take but then you lose out on 20:11 the structure you won't get the 20:13 beautiful structures if you try to take 20:16 some shortcuts but what is quite a 20:18 challenging time and what you're saying 20:21 doctor is that this takes intelligent 20:25 design in a plan that has to be carried 20:29 forward oh absolutely and even what's 20:34 simple if there's such a thing as simple 20:36 nano structures but you you definitely 20:39 need a plan 20:41 you need a an extreme amount of 20:43 knowledge about how these molecules 20:47 these chemicals the atoms the electrons 20:49 how all these things work and without a 20:52 plan you're gonna get a mess and as one 20:55 of my advisers said you put garbage in 20:58 you get garbage out we need really clean 21:01 materials and you need a good plan you 21:04 need awesome intelligence to think about 21:06 all of the side reactions that can 21:08 happen and all the ways to go wrong so 21:10 that you can prevent those from 21:12 happening as much as we'd like chemistry 21:14 to just happen being in the lab has 21:18 proven to me that this is quite a 21:20 challenge to make even simple nano 21:23 structures so what do you think about 21:25 Darwin's theory of the that warm pool 21:29 and the chemicals coming together for 21:31 this little amoeba like structure yeah 21:35 that that's a great question it's 21:37 important to know the history right 21:38 there and I won't go all into that but 21:40 much of Darwin's thoughts were were 21:42 formulated well before chemistry was 21:44 even established in the way that it is 21:47 in the modern scientific way that we 21:49 know how chemicals react and he thought 21:51 there was just you know a couple four or 21:53 five chemicals that came together in a 21:55 little bubble to make life and we know 21:57 now it's thousands of chemicals coming 21:59 together in a complex not bubble but a 22:03 surrounding and a amazing amount of nano 22:06 structures that have come together not 22:08 just one nano structure but many of them 22:10 that have come together to form a 22:14 working living system so a warm little 22:17 pond I think we would love it if it was 22:19 that easy but the more we know about 22:21 life and the nano structures and the 22:24 nano materials that life is made out of 22:25 we understand the complexity that's 22:28 there and I and I think there's a desire 22:31 or you know that scientists think well 22:33 maybe we're missing something there's 22:35 some theory that's going to come along 22:36 and change all of this well the more we 22:39 look the more complicated again so this 22:42 problems not getting any easier so it's 22:44 getting worse and not better let me let 22:46 me ask you this if if you think about 22:49 these nano machines these complex nano 22:52 machines that we find inside living 22:53 thing 22:55 if I mean you're making relatively 22:59 simple nano chemicals 23:04 would there be any realistic expectation 23:08 that we would even have the technology 23:10 to make something like these kinds of 23:14 complex machines that we find inside 23:17 cells or what would that really take 23:21 well doing it from scratch I'd say that 23:26 we are decades and decades away from 23:30 that perhaps centuries from figuring 23:32 that out maybe not but if it's a long 23:34 time you know what we decide to do now 23:37 is we just copy we just copy what we see 23:40 in the SAU we we take things out and we 23:44 try to change them a little bit to give 23:46 them some new functionality but all 23:49 we're doing is modifying the master plan 23:51 that's already been enacted there so 23:54 people are finding it easier just to 23:56 mimic what we see in life rather than 23:59 finding basically no basically were 24:01 plagiarizing absolutely it's so much 24:06 easier to just use what's there and 24:09 tweak it for some of our own designs 24:12 that's there so it's I'm sorry we're 24:16 just running out of time but it's fair 24:18 to say that you absolutely believe that 24:22 God is our Creator absolutely I can see 24:29 it the handiwork when I see the 24:32 chemicals coming together when we look 24:34 at a house we don't go well those pieces 24:37 of wood and nails just blew together 24:39 with the right temperature and wind 24:40 speeds so there's no question when we 24:44 look at a house that someone built it 24:45 but when we look at molecules we say I 24:47 have no idea how that happens so chance 24:50 can do that but when we understand the 24:52 chemistry and the mechanisms there we 24:55 start to see the hand of a designer I 24:58 absolutely believe that God is the 25:00 designer and the head chemist that put 25:02 all of this together so that we can have 25:04 life and have life abundantly well thank 25:07 you so much 25:08 for joining us dr. Hayes has been a real 25:10 pleasure and they've made some pretty 25:12 deep insights there yes amen and it's 25:14 just exciting to think about though yeah 25:17 I I cannot imagine at this particular 25:21 point how you could put a living thing 25:24 together from scratch even if you did 25:27 have all of those parts that are 25:30 necessary it's it's truly a triumph of a 25:36 kind of technology that we certainly 25:39 haven't mastered and it certainly points 25:41 towards an incredible brilliance and 25:44 when you think about it I've heard this 25:45 example before if you have a junkyard 25:48 and you throw a bomb out there you don't 25:50 end up with a shuttle and that's what 25:53 many scientists who support Darwin's 25:56 theory seem to be trying to sell us well 25:59 we hope that you've been encouraged to 26:01 understand that God created you and He 26:05 loves you 26:08 [Music] 26:23